Constructional material



Patented Jan. 13, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ALBERT C. FISCHER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE PHILIP CAREY MANU- FACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF OHIO consrmro'rroimr. MATERIAL 1T0 Drawing.

it has been common practice to mount sheets be heated on the job and as a general proposition must be hauled from the ground to the roof which'is bein made, the procedure involving relatively large labor cost and more or less skilled artisans.

The present invention has for one of its objects the provision; of roofing material which may be stored or transported in condition to be applied to a roof without the necessity of applying hot plastic materials go thereto.

terial having an adhesive surface, which roofing material may be transported or stored for long periods of time without deterioration. n

A further object is to provide roofing material which has adhesive matter applied thereto, the construction being such that two sheets of roofing material may be applied face to face to one another, for storage or shipment, and may be readily separated without tearing orabrading the roofing ma-.

terial. 7 I A further object is to provide roofing material having an adhesive surface, said'material having the advantage that two sheets thereof placed with their adhesive surfaces face to facemay be separated, the line of cleavage being entirely through the adhe- .40 sive material, whereby tearing o'r abrading of' the vehicle carrying said adhesive is avoided. v

I h object is to provide a metf of preparing and handling roofing material '45- whereby adhesive roofing material may be stored or shipped without deterioration and may bereadily handled for application for roofing or waterproofing purposes.

In my patents Nos. 1,550,310 and 1,743,764,

56 is ued A g 5 1925 and January Application filed August 15, 1927. Serial No. 213,192.

1930, I have shown in the drawings a structure representing two layers of roofing material, both of which are saturated in the manner described herein, and hence they are made a part of the present case.

The present invention may be carried out in a number of different ways and may take a great variety of forms, of which the following are illustrative.

Sheets of roofing material are provided which may be tar paper, felt, or other preferred material and which will be referred to herein-by the general term of vehicle.

Said vehicle may be saturated with a nondrying oil, such as cotton-seed oil, rape-seed oil, castor oil, or other similar oil, in a treated or untreated form.

Drying oils, such as, soya bean or China wood oil, preferably blown, may be used as the saturant; or drying oils may be mixed A further object is to provide roofing mawith non-drying oils, such as linseed oil.

Drying oils may be used for the reason that the application of adhesive thereto prevents access of air, whereby drying is retarded to a practical extent. Said oil acts as a waterproofing filler for the vehicle. The Saturated vehicle may then have applied thereto an adhesive, which may be of any preferred kind. The fact that the vehicle is saturated with the oil will prevent the deep penetration of the adhesive into the body of the vehicle and at the same time the oil will prevent the drying out of the adhesive, whereby said adhesive will continue for long periods of time in its mastic state.

If preferred, the saturant of the vehicle may be a slow-drying adhesive. 'Gilsonite or other more bituminous substances may be used in varying proportions (for example from 10 to 20 per cent) with a non-drying oil such as castor oil (90 to 80 per cent). If a blown castor oil is used, the proportion may .range as high as 95 per cent of blown castor oil with 5 per cent of bitumen, gilsonite.

Texas or Trinidad. It may be necessary in minous substances may be used in which cases the proportions will be sub ect to considerable variation. .F or instance, 15 per cent of bitumen, 7 5 per cent of castor oil and 10 per cent of rape-seed oil may be united by gradual heating. The saturant may also be a combination of two or more of the following substances: cotton-seed oil, cottonseed oil foots, or pitch, and semi-liquid bituminous substances of various consistencies.

If preferred, the saturant may contain a large proportion of kerosene, or other distillate of higher volatile qualities, such as naphtha or turpentine, which are solvent in their nature and which may be used in combination with rather dense adhesive material to form a union.

If preferred, the vehicle may be coated with a dense Waterproofing mastic coating, which may be of a bituminous or vegetable nature, and applying to said coating a slow dr ing adhesive.

f preferred, an adhesive repellant, which in the course of time becomes adhesive, may be used, examples of such substances being plain castor oil or silicate of soda.

If two vehicles treated as described are placed face to face they may be stored or shipped without deterioration, but may be readily separated when desired.

If preferred, the vehicle may be coated with a mixture of dense waterproofing mastic and a slow-drying adhesive. Without attempting to explain the action of this combination, it is possible that the oozing out of the slow-drying adhesive devclopes a film which creates a plane of cleavage between juxtaposed sheets.

In another aspect of the presentinvention, fiber may be incorporated in a dense waterproofing mastic, the combination being pressed into thin sheets and coated with a slow -drying adhesive; or the fiber, dense waterproofing mastic and slow drying adhesive may be incorporated together. The slowdrying adhesive should preferably be incorporated when the dense mastic is in a relatively chilled state, for instance, about 125 degrees Fahrenheit.

The next step was to place decorative coatings, such as, crushed slate, slag, pebbles,

etc. on the weathering surface for both decorative and weather-resisting purposes.

1. This invention relates first to saturants for vehicles forming roofing sheets, insulating papers, tapes, shingles, etc.

The vehicle may be saturated:

(a) With a non-drying oil, such as, cotton seed oil, rape-seed oil, castor oil etc., acting as a mastic waterproofing filler of the vehicle. It may also form a slow junction with a coating of bituminous or vegetable.

matter fiuxed with oils that will unite with the vehicle filler or with mineral oils which will not unite with the vehicle saturant. The

tendency being to keep the coating in a thoroughly mastic state where the substances will unite and a pliable state Where they will not unite. Castor oil may be used as a saturant where non-union with mineral oils is preferred, the coating may be a high melting point bituminous or vegetable substance with mineral oils, or the coating may be any combination or flux, mineral, vegetable-or animal oils.

(b) The saturant may be the combination of a bituminous substance and a vegetable oil heated and combined at high temperature producing, a viscous saturant. Gilsonite, Texas or other high melting bituminous substances may be used in varying proportions from 10 to 20 per cent, and a viscous oil, such as castor, where union with other oils is not desirable 80 to 90 percent. If a blown castor oil is used the proportions may be as high as 5 per cent bitumen, gilsonite, Texas or Trinidad and 95 per cent blown castor oil. It may be necessary in some cases to heat under pressure in order to secure union.

(0) Where union with other oils is desired this formula may be bitumin 15 per cent, castor oil 7 5 per cent, rape oil 10 per cent, united by gradual heating. This formula will unite with other mineral oils where present;

(d) This saturant may also be a single vegetable or bituminous adhesive, such as cottonseed, Foots pitch orroad oil, sludges and semi-liquid, bituminous substances of varying consistencies, such saturants, where treated with an overcoating of a viscous vegetable or combination vegetable and bituminous adhesive will be separable along the lines of such coating.

(e) Drying oils, preferably blown, may be used as the saturant and coated with any of the adhesive, bituminous or vegetable coatings, or drying oils may be mixed with nondrying oilsa formula for the first would be blown soya bean or China wood oilthe second linseed and neats foot, castor oil, etc., 50 per cent each or in varying quantities.

(f) The saturant may be a mastic of 80 per cent kerosene and 20 per cent bitumen, the vehicle when saturated, coated with a viscous oil such as castor, in a combination which will not unite with mineral oils, or other coating or saturant may be utilized.

Higher volatile oils may be used, as naphtha, turpentine, etc. The use of these saturants is especially suitable for roofing tapes gummy substances.

2. This invention relates, secondly, to these saturated felts being provided on one or both sides with a bituminous or vegetable coating, which ordinarily would not adhere except on continued pressure under heat or special treatment at time of laying, the melting of which bituminous or vegetable matter would not develop adhesiveness below 80, but which might develop adhesiveness above that point, making it impossible to separate the sheets except for dusting or completely squeezing out excess matters.

My invention relates to omitting the dust and coating the surface with a slow-drying, tacky adhesive substance of a vegetable or bituminous nature, or a combinatlon of the same, after the first coating has become chilled.

One of the formulas adapted for this purpose is the commercial product on the market known as Tree-tangle Foot, which has been on the market for approximately fifteen years and which is compounded of resin, vegetable oils, non-drying oils and other Other coatings which will answer the same purpose are described in my Patent No. 1,743,764, above referred to, which sets forth yarious formulas for this purpose.

The action of this coating is to remain inert, and while some of the oil may be absorbed by the chilled coating, suflicient will remain so that the surface of the sheet or sheets may be readily separated after a period of months and used for various roofing purposes.

Alternatively, I may omit the dust, as set forth above, and coat the under-surface with a viscous, oily adhesive repellant, which later becomes tacky or adhesive; blown castor oil, silicate of soda are adhesive repellants which when set develop adhesiveness.

3. My invention relates, thirdly, to the same saturated bases, with a coating on one or both sides of a slow drying, tacky bituminous, vegetable oranimal substance or combination of two or more, which approximates the following specifications; or may be more or less fluid:

(1) The consistency of 77 F. should be below 7.0.

(2) The susceptibility factor should be as low as possible, preferably under 25.

(3) The ductility at 77 F. should be as high as possible and preferably over 25 centimeters.

(4) Fusing poin s by K & S method should be between 80 and 100 F.

stopped by using a non-flowing gummy substance in combination. I

This adhesive-material can be applied .hot or cold, and if the surfaces with this adhesive were brought in contact and placedin com mercial packages, the surfaceswould be very 'diflicult to separate at some temperatures. I

1 In order to facilitate such separation I coat over these surfaces with an adhesive of oilycontent of the nature above described, and .as described in my Patent No. 1,7 43,7 64. The coating provided over the adhesive coating takes on some of the character ofthe coating, and the surfaces when separating take on either a stringy or'viscous nature, the top coating taking on thecolor more or less of the adhesive, showing that more or less of it has been absorbed. In such case abrasion of the surface naturally takes place, which it does not do in-the process first described.

"4. By using a bituminous or vegetable substance,..o combination of both, preferably having a melting point over 125, and heating such bituminous or vegetablematter so as to produce it in a melted statefallowing, it to partially cool and then incorporating in 'such substance this adhesive insulator or gummy substance, so that more or less of this substance works to the surface, and acts in the same manner when separating the sheets as in No.v 1- hereof.

J It can readily be understood that this coating can be applied on one or both sides of the saturated sheets, and rolled without the addition of an extra coating, by reason of the sub-.

stance being incorporated in the bituminous or vegetable coatingin a cooling state and applied to the surface under pressureof rolls used for that purposey I The saturatedwehicle may be coated with a compound formed by a mixture of a bituminous substance and vegetable combinations, such as, heavy road oil, meeting the specifications before given and a mixture 10 parts resin, 8 parts blown castor oil, 2 .parts Venice turpentine, gum 1 parts. Any gum is suitable. as an'ingredient for the coating compound and is represented by such ex? amples as caoutchouc, reclaimed rubber, mineral rubber,'v.arnish gurns, or the like. Two surfaces having this coating. canbe pulled apart after being placed in juxtaposition;

. Many other combinations are possible with.

the groups shown in my Patent No.v 1,743,764.

It will beunderstood that the invention contemplates roofing materiahthe adhesiveness of which serves to hold said material in place in distinction to other materials which involvethe use of pitch, or other material, mopped on at the time of assembling the roof, for the purpose of holding the sheets of roofing material in place. It will be understood that after two sheets of building material according to the present invention have been separated the adhesive surface of 'one sheet I below 7.0.

will be placed in contact with the non-adhesive surface of another sheet. The adhesive or mastic will cause a union with the nonadhesive surface to which it is applied, which union may be made very excellent by means of rolling and which will improve in the course of time. 7

It will also be understood that if it should be found that the adhesive surface of a sheet should become dried out, a solvent such as toluol, benzol, kerosene, or cotton oil may be used to bring the sheet back into adhesive state.

The present case contains subject matter disclosed but not claimed in my hereinbefore mentioned Patents Nos. 1,550,310 and 1,743,764.

I claim:

1. The method of preparing constructional material which comprises saturating a vehicle with a waterproofing substance and coating the same with a mixture of road oil having the following specifications:

(1) The consistency at 77 F. should .be

(2) The susceptibility factor should be as low 'as possible, preferably under 25.

(3) The ductility at 77 F. should be as high as possible and preferably over 25 centimeters.

(4) Fusing point by K & S method should be between 80 and F (5) Itshould appear tacky and adhesive at normal temperature, and retain this property as long as possible on exposure to air, And 10 parts resin, 8 parts blown castor oil, 2 parts Venice turpentine, gum 1 parts.

2. Constructional material comprising a vehicle saturated with a waterproofing satu-rantand coated with a mixture of a bitu minous substance of lasting adhesiveness, slow-drying and sticky to the touch, and resin, castor oil, turpentine and gum.

3. A vehicle saturated with a non-drying oil, coated with a compound of a bituminous substance of slow-drying nature and lasting adhesiveness and a gummy adhesive substance.

4. A roofing sheet comprising a foundation strip saturated with a waterproofing composition, and a coating of slow drying and lastingly adhesive material applied to the saturated strip to provide a normally adhesive facing.

Signed at Chicago, Illinois, of August, 1927.

ALBERT C. FISCHER.

this 12th day 

